Global political trends that are changing the world are undergoing significant transformations in the 21st century, driven by various factors. The most striking aspects include globalization, climate change, economic inequality, and the emergence of new powers. Globalization has connected countries in an unprecedented way. International trade soared, encouraging the exchange of culture and ideas. However, the consequences, including loss of local sovereignty and disparities between rich and poor countries, are of major concern. Countries are trying to balance the benefits of globalization with the protection of domestic industry and jobs. The issue of climate change is prominent on the global political agenda. The UN estimates that climate change could cause major disasters if it is not addressed immediately. International agreements, such as the Kyoto Protocol and the Paris Agreement, demonstrate a global commitment to reducing carbon emissions. However, policy implementation is still disrupted by conflicts of interest between countries, especially between developed and developing countries. Economic inequality also shapes the global political landscape. Differences in income between countries and within societies themselves cause waves of protests and social movements. The series of resurgences of populism seen in the US, Europe and elsewhere are fueled by dissatisfaction with political elites perceived as indifferent to the needs of the people. Economic policies must focus on redistributing wealth and creating opportunities for all levels of society. The emergence of new powers, especially from Asia, is changing traditional dynamics. China and India grew rapidly, becoming key players in global politics. China through the Belt and Road Initiative is trying to strengthen its influence in various regions. Meanwhile, India is seen as a future leader in democracy as well as technology. The issue of mass migration is also increasingly dominating global political discussions. Conflict, violence and economic instability in many parts of the world have many people seeking refuge and new opportunities. This not only affects destination countries, but also fuels domestic debates about immigration and integration policies. Information technology plays a very important role in changing political dynamics. Social media allows the rapid dissemination of information, both positive and negative. It changes the way individuals engage in politics, by creating a platform for discussion and organization without geographic boundaries. However, the resulting disinformation and polarization also challenges democracy and social stability. Awareness of human rights is increasing, triggering social and political change. Global movements such as Black Lives Matter and #MeToo demand justice and equality, forcing governments to consider more inclusive and fair policies. In connection with these issues, the role of international institutions becomes increasingly important. The UN, WTO, and various regional organizations seek to create cooperation and resolutions for complex global challenges. However, these institutions often face criticism regarding their effectiveness and responsiveness to the needs of global society. In this context, public diplomacy and international relations are important to align national interests with global issues. Countries need to work together to create effective and fair policies. A collaborative approach in handling global issues such as pandemics, terrorism and trade is vital. Research shows that sustainability as a principle in foreign policy will become the new norm. Countries that prioritize sustainability not only invest in societal well-being, but also in environmental sustainability and economic viability. Today’s global political trends create a complex network of interdependencies that shape the world. Each action and policy has a pervasive impact, highlighting the importance of international cooperation in addressing shared challenges.
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